Nuclear Power and Meltdown 101: In light of Japan’s Nuclear Crisis

Although not yet in a full meltdown status, nuclear reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi station in Japan is now at a very critical status. Japanese officials rated earlier the accident as a level 4 “accident with local consequences” as per the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale’s (INES) 7-tier nuclear crisis scale.

Nuclear energy is basically an upscale water boiling process, where a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction sustains heat to boil water, driving steam turbines and then electricity. Japan has 54 nuclear reactors, making it the third-largest user of nuclear power in the world, only after the US and France. Six of these reactors are housed in the Fukushima Daiichi station, which was commissioned in the 1970s.

Since the March 11 earthquake and tsunami, reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi station are considered seriously crippled: explosions occurred at Unit 1 and 3 which destroyed exterior walls, most probably due to buildups of hydrogen gas produced by the zirconium in the fuel rods reaction with coolant water at extremely high temperatures. As of March 15, a third explosion has occurred at reactor No. 2, which seems that the containment vessel had been seriously breached.

How do you turn off a nuclear reaction?

Nuclear reactors work by harnessing the process of nuclear fission: the splitting of an atom into two smaller atoms, which also yields heat and send neutrons flying. Another atom absorbs one of the neutrons, which itself becomes unstable and releases more heat and more neutrons. To stop this process, the runaway neutrons must be intercepted. Control rods made of materials that absorb neutron do this interception.

Once the reactor is stopped, it still exhibits an enormous amount of heat, especially due to the by-then split uranium atoms those themselves give off so much heat. In the case of Japan, the disaster caused blackouts that cut off the externally sourced AC power for the reactor’s cooling system. The facility’s backup diesel generators also failed after the blackout, exposing the reactor to untamed heat and in serious situation of overheating.

Because of these dangerous developments, the crisis at the Fukushima Daiichi plant now ranks as the second most serious nuclear power plant accident after Chernobyl (Soviet Union 1986).

Effects on human health

Humans are exposed to radiation on a daily level, albeit in low levels. They occur naturally in sunlight, as well as human-made like X-rays, cancer treatment, nuclear weapons, and nuclear power plants.

Exposure to radiation starts to be dangerous with the amount and duration of exposure. Over a short period, significant exposure can cause burns or radiation sickness. Symptoms include nausea, weakness, hair loss, skin burns and reduced organ function.

Long term effects include skin cancer, cataract, mutation of human fetuses or unborn children which when born will have smaller brain and head size, abnormal eyes, slow growth, and mental retardation.

Duane ARD, March 2011

Culture of Dominance in Decline: A Warning

As the sun itself sets, so does empires and imperialism, a fact its champions, Great Britain and the United States, should just recognize sooner.

In the specific case of Great Britain, market, entertainment, defense, and other British icons now belong to foreigners: Burberry, although still at the top of its league, its patrons are often tourists; Cadbury is now owned by America’s Kraft; luxury car brand Jaguar was bought by Ford in the 1990s and now is owned by India’s Tata Group; even top football teams (Manchester League) are now owned by Americans. In the 1990s, bands like the Spice Girls and Oasis ruled the charts. British Petroleum (BP) even re-branded itself to remove “British” and is today known as Beyond Petroleum, although after the Gulf oil spill in 2010, no one wants to be attached to the brand.

As in the law of diminishing rates of returns where profits will always decline and the search for new markets becomes more important as the decline happens, an imperialist government needs to find and nurture sympathetic, if not always legitimate governments to get market share. We need not look any further than the invasion of Iraq in 2003. In addition to securing the supply of fossil energy to the West, the Iraq war was also instigated to guarantee Western market dominance.

As there are no more other new markets to dominate, it is unfortunate that we are witnessing the privatization of war. Schools, health care, prisons have been privatized by international capital, and today, violence and war. As nation states become market states, violence and war also become privatized.

Unless imperialist Britain become more modest in its treatment of the world and abandon the Pax Britannica dream, it will have a difficult position in living with, if not confronting, the growing powers of the East which now are collectively known as BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China).

Duane ARD, March 2011

Mr. Obama, “tear down this wall”

A little more than 22 years ago, the 2nd world that is Eastern Europe saw major transformations. I don't totally agree with the Reagan and Thatcher doctrines, especially those who relate the Reagan rant of "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall" as one of the forces that apparently contributed to the fall of the Berlin wall and much of the East.

Forgiving this totally uninitiated, hypocritical state of mind, the recent events in the North Africa and the Middle East makes us think history indeed repeats itself; we can start ranting here from the East: “Mr. Obama, tear down this wall.” Perhaps it is now high time for the US not to fear Arab democracy. Maybe it is time to stop supporting dictators and autocrats and monarchies that will not attack Israel and will not ensure the flow of foreign oil to the Western markets. It’s also high time to start valuing Egypt as a model of democratic reform than valuing it more as a strategic partner.

And then Libya comes next. The immediate neighbor of Tunisia and Egypt to the west and east and the largest oil producer in Africa, Libya’s ruler Gaddafi also has Western blessing, like his unpopular neighbor Mubarak. Could the Gaddafi regime and the West continue to deny an end to corruption and the better use of oil revenues and bring true democracy in the process? The opposite is true so far, as the US remains silent. As for Gaddafi, in a speech this week by his son and most likely future successor, he warned of Western domination once Libya falls, which is of course hypocrisy at its best.

This ‘freedom virus’ also has spread to Bahrain, home to the US Fifth Fleet. Needless to say, it is one of the most important naval armadas, in this case ensuring that the Persian gulf is open and biased to US shipping, and of course for projecting power against Iran. This is a sad tale, as Bahrain is not even the most important country where American-style democracy should be demonstrated, and yet it fails and frustrates to affect any positive stance.

It’s unfortunate that you are the present commander-in-chief of the sole superpower of the world as this really testing events unfold; but as someone who has promised ‘change has come to America’, dealing with these revolutions (let’s hope not civil wars) really will be one of the tests that is itching to be passed. Then again, Mr. Obama, tear down this hypocrisy wall.

Duane ARD, February 2011